The （ ） is a general description of the architecture of a workflow management system used by the WFMC, in which the main components and the associated interfaces are summarized.The workflow enactment service is the heart of a workflow system which consists of several （-）.
A、waterfall model
B、workflow reference model
C、evolutionary model
D、spiral model
工作流参考模型是国际工作流管理联盟WFMC采用的、对工作流管理系统体系结构的一个通用的描述。在这个模型里，概括总结了主要的构件和相互关联的接口。工作流设定的服务是工作流系统的核心，这个核心由若干个工作流引擎驱动。

The project maintains a current and approved set of requirements over the life of the project by doing the following: （ ）all changes to the requirements? Maintaining the relationships among the requirements, the project plans, and the work products.
A、Monitoring
B、Managing
C、Gathering
D、Reducing
在项目的生命周期里，项目通过如下措施维持一个最新的、经批准的需求集合：
　　• 管理对需求的变更。
　　• 维持需求、项目计划和工作产品之间的关联。
　　• ……

The receiving activities conduct analyses of the requirements with the requirements provider to ensure that a compatible, shared understanding is reached on the meaning of the requirements. The result of this analysis and dialog is an （ ） set of requirements.
A、agreed-to
B、agree-to
C、agree-to-do
D、agree-with
这些可以接受的活动分析了需求提供者的需求，以确定对需求的含义有一个一致的、共同的理解。

During the project, requirements change for a variety of reasons. As needs change and as work proceeds, additional requirements are derived and changes may have to be made to the existing requirements. It is essential to manage these additions and changes efficiently and effectively. To effectively analyze the impact of the changes, it is necessary that the source of each requirement is known and the rationale for any change is documented.The project manager may, however, want to track appropriate measures of requirements volatility to judge whether new or revised （ ） are necessary.
A、proceedings
B、controls
C、forecasting's
D、prelibations
在一个项目的生命周期内，有多种原因可以引起对需求的变更。当需要发生变更而工作正在进行时，可导致新的需求产生并迫使现有的需求发生变更。需要快速而有效地管理这些新的需求和新的变更。为了有效地分析这些变更的影响，必须确定每一个需求源，并记录变更的基本过程。无论如何，项目经理希望能追踪有关需求稳定性的、恰当的措施，以判断是否需要新的或修正的控制措施。

Risk management allows the project manager and the project team not to （ ）.
A、eliminate most risks during the planning phase of the project
B、identify project risks
C、identify impacts of various risks
D、plan suitable responses
下面不属于风险管理中项目经理和项目团队职责的是（ ）。
A、排除大部分项目执行中的风险
B、风险识别
C、风险分析
D、妥善处理