第二篇　　　　　　　　　　　　　　New Foods and the New World


In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages—has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree（可可树）by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.


The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine(饥荒)”of 1845—1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.


There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.


According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake” feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.


36 According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A  Food
B  Clothing
C  Ideology
D  Language


37 “some” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to
A  some cocoa trees
B  some chocolate drinks.
C  some shops
D  some South American Indians


38 Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine” because
A  they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else
B  they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America
C  the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes
D  the potato harvest was bad


39 Which country is the largest coffee producer?
A  Brazil
B  Colombia
C  Ethiopia
E  Egypt


40 Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. One third of the world’s population drinks coffee.
B. Coffee is native to Colombia
C. Coffee can keep one awake.
D. Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.