第
67题: ( )攻击是指借助于客户机/服务器技术,将多个计算机联合起来作为攻击平台,对一个或多个目标发动DoS攻击,从而成倍地提高拒绝服务攻击的威力。
A.缓冲区溢出
B.分布式拒绝服务
C.拒绝服务
D. 口令
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68题: 如果对一个密码体制的破译依赖于对某一个经过深入研究的数学难题的解决,就认为相应的密码体制是( )的。
A.计算安全
B.可证明安全
C.无条件安全
D.绝对安全
答案解析与讨论:
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69题: 移位密码的加密对象为英文字母,移位密码采用对明文消息的每一个英文字母向前推移固定Key位的方式实现加密。设key=3,则对应明文MATH的密文为( )。
A. OCVJ
B. QEXL
C. PDWK
D. RFYM
答案解析与讨论:
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71题: The modern study of symmetric-key ciphers relates mainly to the study of block ciphers and stream ciphers and to their applications. A block cipher is, in a sense, a modern embodiment of Alberti's polyalphabetic cipher: block ciphers take as input a block of (71 )and a key, and output a block of ciphertext of the same size. Since messages are almost always longer than a single block, some method of knitting together successive blocks is required. Several have been developed, some with better security in one aspect or another than others. They are the mode of operations and must be carefully considered when using a block cipher in a cryptosystem.
The Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are( 72 )designs which have been designated cryptography standards by the US government (though DES's designation was finally withdrawn after the AES was adopted). Despite its deprecation as an official standard, DES (especially its still-approved and much more secure triple-DES variant) remains quite popular; it is used across a wide range of applications, from ATM encryption to e-mail privacy and secure remote access. Many other block ciphers have been designed and released, with considerable variation in quality. Many have been thoroughly broken. See Category: Block ciphers.
Stream ciphers, in contrast to the ‘block’type, create an arbitrarily long stream of key material, which is combined ( 73 )the plaintext bit-by-bit or character-by-character, somewhat like the one-time pad. In a stream cipher, the output( 74 )is created based on an internal state which changes as the cipher operates. That state change is controlled by the key, and, in some stream ciphers, by the plaintext stream as well. RC4 is an example of a well-known, and widely used, stream cipher; see Category: Stream ciphers.
Cryptographic hash functions (often called message digest functions) do not necessarily use keys, but are a related and important class of cryptographic algorithms. They take input data (often an entire message), and output a short fixed length hash, and do so as a one-way function. For good ones, ( 75 ) (two plaintexts which produce the same hash) are extremely difficult to find.
Message authentication codes (MACs) are much like cryptographic hash functions, except that a secret key is used to authenticate the hash value on receipt. These block an attack against plain hash functions.
(71)
A.plaintext
B.ciphertext
C.data
D.hash
(72)
A.stream cipher
B.hash function
C.Message authentication code
D.Block cipher
(73)
A.of
B.for
C.with
D.in
(74)
A.hash
B.stream
C.ciphertext
D.plaintext
(75)
A.collisions
B.image
C.preimage
D.solution
答案解析与讨论:
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