信息系统项目管理师英语复习资料：项目费用管理（中英文对照）知识[2]
分享到微信
7.1.2 Tools and Techniques for Resource Planning（编制资源计划的工具和技术）
.1 Expert judgment. Expert judgment will often be required to assess the inputs to this process. Such expertise may be provided by any group or individual with specialized knowledge or trai ning and is available from many sources including:
.1 专家判断。经常需要专家判断来评估本过程的输入。这些专业技术由具有专门知识或经过培训的团体和个人提供，可能的来源包括：
Other units within the performing organization.
执行组织的其它单位。
Consultants.
顾问。
Professional and technical associations.
专业和技术协会。
Industry groups.
工业集团。
.2 Alternatives identification. Alternatives identification is discussed in Section
5.2.2.3.
.2 替代方案的确定。替代方案的确定见5.2.2.3 节。
7.1.3 Outputs from Resource Planning（编制资源计划的输出）
1 Resource requirements. The output of the resource planning process is a
description of what types of resources are required and in what quantities for each
element of the work breakdown structure. These resources will be obtained either
through staff acquisition (described in Section 9.2) or procurement (described in
Chapter 12).
.1 资源需求。编制资源计划过程的输出是一份说明书，说明工作分解结构中各个组成部分需要何种类型的资源和数量。这些资源将通过人员招募（见9.2节）和采购（见第12章）获得。
7.2 Cost Estimating（费用估算）
Cost estimating involves developing an a pproximation (estimate) of the costs of
the resources needed to co mplete project activities.
费用估算是编制一个为完成项目活动所必需的资源费用的近似估计。
When a project is performed under contract, care should be ta ken to distinguish
cost estimating from pricing. Cost estimating involves developing an assessment of
the likely quantitative resul-ow much will it cost the performing organization to
provide the product or service involved. Pr icing is a business decision—how much
will the performing organization charge for the product or service—that uses the cost
estimate as but one consideration of many.
当项目按合同进行时，应注意区分费用估算和费用报价。费用估算是编制可能定量结果的评估－为提供产品或服务，执行组织要付出多少费用。报价是一个商业决策－对于产品或服务执行组织要收取多少费用－费用估算仅仅是需要考
虑的众多因素之一。
Cost estimating includes id entifying and considering various costing alternatives.
For examp1e, in most application areas, additional work during a design phase is
widely held to have the potential for reducing the cost of th e production phase. The
cost estimating process must consider whet her the cost of the additional design work
will offset the expected savings.
费用估算包括确定和考虑各种各样的费用估算方案。例如，在大多数应用领域中，普遍认为在设计阶段多做些工作有可能节省生产阶段的费用。费用估算过程必需考虑这种附加的设计工作能否抵消期望的费用节省额。
7.2.1 Inputs to Cost Estimating（费用估算的输出）
.1 Work breakdown structure. The WBS is described in Section 5.3.3.1. It will be
used to organize the cost estimates and to ensure the all identified work has been
estimated.
.1 工作分解结构。WBS见5.3.3.1 节。它用于组织费用估算并确保所有已确定的工作已被估算。
.2 Resource requirements. Resource requirements are described in Section
7.1.3.1.
.2 资源需求。资源需求见7.1.3.1 节。
.3 Resource rates. The individual or group prepar ing the estimates must know
the unit rates (e.g., staff cost per hour, bul k material cost per cubic yard) for each
resource in order to ca1cula te project costs. If actual rates are not known, the rates
themselves may have to be estimated.
.3 资源单价。在计算项目服时，准备估算的个人和集体必需知道各种资源的单价（例如，每小时人工费，每立方码大宗材料费用）。如果不知道每种资源费用，单价本身必需评估。
.4 Activity duration estimates. Activity duration estimates (described in Section
6.3) will affect cost estimates on any project where the project budget includes an allowance
1for the cost of financing
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
(i.e., interest charges).
.4 工序工期估计。如果项目预算中包括资金的附加费用（即利息），工序工期估计（见6.3节）将影响其费用估算。
.5 Historical information. Information on the cost of many categories of
resources is often available from one or more of the following sources:
.5 历史信息。许多种类的资源费用信息可从下列一个或多个来源获得：
z Project file—some or more of the orga nizations involved in the project may
maintain records of previous project results that are detailed enough to add
in developing cost estimates. In so me application areas, individua1 team
members may maintain such records.
项目档案－参与项目的一个或多个组织保存以前项目结果的记录，它们有助于进行费用估计。在一些应用领域中，个人成员也保存有这样的记录。
z Commercial cost estimating databases—historical information is often available commercially.
商业费用估计数据库－历史信息通常具有商业用途。
z Project team knowledge—the individual members of the project team may
remember previous actual or estimat es. While such recollections may be
useful, they are generally far less reliable than documented results.
项目队伍的知识－项目队伍成员可能记得以前的实际或估计费用。虽然
这些记忆信息可能很有用，但它们一般远不如档案记录的结果可靠。
.6 Chart of accounts. A chart of accounts describes the coding structure used by
the performing organization to report financial information in its general ledger
2Project cost estimates must be assign ed to the correct accounting category.
.6 账目表。账目表是执行组织在其通用账目中用来报告财政信息的编码结
1
n.津贴，补助
2
n.总帐，分类帐构。项目费用估计必需被赋予正确的账目分类。
扫码关注公众号
温馨提示：因考试政策、内容不断变化与调整，信管网网站提供的以上信息仅供参考，如有异议，请以权威部门公布的内容为准！
信管网致力于为广大信管从业人员、爱好者、大学生提供专业、高质量的课程和服务，解决其考试证书、技能提升和就业的需求。
信管网软考课程由信管网依托10年专业软考教研倾力打造，官方教材参编作者和资深讲师坐镇，通过深研历年考试出题规律与考试大纲，深挖核心知识与高频考点，为学员考试保驾护航。面授、直播＆录播，多种班型灵活学习，满足不同学员考证需求，降低课程学习难度，使学习效果事半功倍。
相关内容
| 发表评论 查看完整评论 | |
考试新手指南
学习计划攻略
精华备考资料
案例论文干货
章节模拟试题
免费试听课程
推荐文章
各省市软考报名简章
信管网APP下载
考试信息推送